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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">PureScript</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Functional_programming" title="Functional programming">functional</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Phil Freeman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">2013<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2013</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">0.15.15 

/ 7 February 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">7 February 2024</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Type_system" title="Type system">Typing discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Type_inference" title="Type inference">Inferred</a>, <a href="Static_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Static typing">static</a>, <a href="Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">strong</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="BSD_licenses#3-clause" title="BSD licenses">BSD 3-clause</a><sup id="cite_ref-license_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-license-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extensions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">.purs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.purescript.org/">www<wbr>.purescript<wbr>.org</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EEEEEE;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>, <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>PureScript</b> is a <a href="Strong_and_weak_typing" title="Strong and weak typing">strongly typed</a>, <a href="Purely_functional_programming" title="Purely functional programming">purely functional</a> <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> that <a href="Source-to-source_compiler" title="Source-to-source compiler">transpiles</a> to <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="C%2B%2B11" title="C++11">C++11</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be used to develop web applications, server side apps, and also desktop applications with use of <a href="Electron_(software_framework)" title="Electron (software framework)">Electron</a> or via C++11 and Go compilers with suitable libraries. Its syntax is mostly comparable to that of <a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>. Also, it introduces <a href="Row_polymorphism" title="Row polymorphism">row polymorphism</a> and <a href="Hugs_(interpreter)" title="Hugs (interpreter)">extensible records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, contrary to Haskell, the PureScript language is defined as having a <a href="Evaluation_strategy#Strict_evaluation" title="Evaluation strategy">strict evaluation strategy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although there are non-conforming back-ends which implement a <a href="Evaluation_strategy#Non-strict_evaluation" title="Evaluation strategy">lazy evaluation strategy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> released under a <a href="BSD_licenses#3-clause" title="BSD licenses">BSD 3-clause</a> license.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>PureScript was initially designed by Phil Freeman in 2013. He began work on it because he was unsatisfied by other attempts to transpile Haskell to JavaScript (e.g., using Fay, Haste, or GHCJS).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Since then it has been adopted by the community and is developed on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>. Further community-developed core tools include the dedicated build tool <i>Pulp</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the documentation directory <i>Pursuit</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the package manager <i>Spago</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<p>PureScript features <a href="Eager_evaluation" class="mw-redirect" title="Eager evaluation">strict evaluation</a>, <a href="Persistent_data_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent data structures">persistent data structures</a>, and <a href="Type_inference" title="Type inference">type inference</a>. Its <a href="Data_type" title="Data type">data type</a> system shares many features with those of similar functional languages like <a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a>: <a href="Algebraic_data_type" title="Algebraic data type">algebraic data types</a> and <a href="Pattern_matching" title="Pattern matching">pattern matching</a>, <a href="Kind_(type_theory)" title="Kind (type theory)">higher kinded types</a>, <a href="Type_class" title="Type class">type classes</a>, <a href="Type_class#Functional_dependencies" title="Type class">functional dependencies</a>, and <a href="Polymorphism_(computer_science)#Rank_polymorphism" title="Polymorphism (computer science)">higher-rank polymorphism</a>. Its type system adds support for <a href="Row_polymorphism" title="Row polymorphism">row polymorphism</a> and extensible records,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but does not support some of the more advanced features of Haskell such as the <a href="Generalized_algebraic_data_type" title="Generalized algebraic data type">generalized algebraic data type</a> (GADT) and the <a href="Type_family" title="Type family">type family</a>.

</p><p>The PureScript transpilers attempt to produce readable code, where possible. Through a simple <a href="Foreign_function_interface" title="Foreign function interface">foreign function interface</a> (FFI), it also allows <a href="Code_reuse" title="Code reuse">code reuse</a> of extant <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> in JavaScript,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> C++11,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Go,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually as an <a href="Intermediate_representation" title="Intermediate representation">intermediate representation</a>.

</p><p>PureScript supports <a href="Incremental_compiler" title="Incremental compiler">incremental compiling</a>, and the transpiler to JavaScript distribution supports building <a href="Source-code_editor" title="Source-code editor">source-code editor</a> <a href="Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a> for iterative development.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Editor plug-ins exist for many popular text editors, including <a href="Vim_(text_editor)" title="Vim (text editor)">Vim</a>, <a href="Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a>, <a href="Sublime_Text" title="Sublime Text">Sublime Text</a>, <a href="Atom_(text_editor)" title="Atom (text editor)">Atom</a> and <a href="Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a>.

</p><p>PureScript supports type-driven development via its typed holes feature,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which a program can be constructed with missing subexpressions. The JavaScript transpiler will subsequently attempt to infer the types of the missing subexpressions, and report those types to the user. This feature inspired similar work in the <a href="Glasgow_Haskell_Compiler" title="Glasgow Haskell Compiler">Glasgow Haskell Compiler</a> (GHC).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>Here is a minimal <a href="%22Hello%2C_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">"Hello, World!" program</a> in PureScript:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-haskell mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="kr">module</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">Main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">where</span>

<span class="kr">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">Effect.Console</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">log</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="nf">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello World!"</span>

</pre></div>

<p>Here, the type of the program is inferred and checked by the PureScript transpiler. A more verbose version of the same program might include explicit type annotations:

</p>

<span class="kr">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">Prelude</span>

<span class="kr">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">Effect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">Effect</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="kr">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">Effect.Console</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">log</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="nf">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">::</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Effect</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">Unit</span>

<span class="nf">main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">log</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Hello World!"</span>

</pre></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Elm_(programming_language)" title="Elm (programming language)">Elm (programming language)</a> – Functional programming language</li>

<li><a href="Reason_(programming_language)" title="Reason (programming language)">Reason (programming language)</a> – Syntax extension and toolchain for OCaml</li>

<li><a href="JS%2B%2B" title="JS++">JS++</a> – Web programming language</li>

<li><a href="TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a> – Programming language and superset of JavaScript</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/purescript-contrib/pulp"><i>A build tool for PureScript projects</i></a>, PureScript Contrib, 2019-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-14</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pursuit.purescript.org/">"Pursuit"</a>. <i>pursuit.purescript.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/spacchetti/spago"><i>PureScript package manager and build tool powered by Dhall and package-sets: spacchetti/spago</i></a>, spacchetti, 2019-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-14</span></span></cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/purescript/documentation">"Documentation for the PureScript language, compiler, and tools: purescript/documentation"</a>. PureScript. 2019-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/purescript/documentation/blob/master/guides/FFI.md">"The Foreign Function Interface"</a>. PureScript. 2015-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/andyarvanitis/purescript-native/wiki/FFI">"FFI"</a>. PureScript. 2019-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/andyarvanitis/purescript-native-cpp-ffi"><i>C++ foreign export implementations for the standard library</i></a>, PureScript, 2019-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-22</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/andyarvanitis/purescript-native-go-ffi">"Go foreign export implementations for the standard library"</a>. PureScript. 2020-12-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHegemann2019" class="citation web cs1">Hegemann, Christoph (kritzcreek) (2019-04-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/purescript/purescript/tree/dfbd19da85c92d82ed4c3184f950f74da5332e3f/psc-ide">"purs ide: Editor and tooling support for the PureScript programming language"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-21</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHegemann2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Hegemann, Christoph (2016-10-27). <i>Implementing type directed search for PureScript</i> (B.Sc. thesis).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGissurarson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gissurarson, Matthías Páll (2018-09-27). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3242760">"Suggesting Valid Hole Fits for Typed-Holes (Experience Report)"</a></span>. <i>ACM SIGPLAN Notices</i>. <b>53</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">179–</span>185. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3299711.3242760">10.1145/3299711.3242760</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218480974">218480974</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.purescript.org/">Official website</a></span></span> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://try.purescript.org">PureScript Playground</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Haskell_programming542" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a> programming</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software" title="Software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a><br>(<a href="Haskell_features" title="Haskell features">features</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Generic_programming#Generic_Haskell" title="Generic programming">Generic Haskell</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Glasgow_Haskell_Compiler" title="Glasgow Haskell Compiler">Glasgow Haskell Compiler</a>°

<ul><li><a href="Template_Haskell" title="Template Haskell">Template Haskell</a>°</li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Gofer_(programming_language)" title="Gofer (programming language)">Gofer</a></i>° → <a href="Hugs_(interpreter)" title="Hugs (interpreter)">Hugs</a>°</li>

<li><i>York Haskell Compiler</i>° (<i><a href="Yhc" title="Yhc">Yhc</a></i>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dialect_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialect (computing)">Dialects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cryptol" title="Cryptol">Cryptol</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Curry_(programming_language)" title="Curry (programming language)">Curry</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Idris_(programming_language)" title="Idris (programming language)">Idris</a>°</li>

<li><i><a href="%CE%A9mega" title="Ωmega">Ωmega</a></i>°</li>

<li><i><a href="Orwell_(programming_language)" title="Orwell (programming language)">Orwell</a></i>°</li>

<li><a href="TidalCycles" title="TidalCycles">TidalCycles</a>°</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Bluespec" title="Bluespec">Bluespec</a> <a href="SystemVerilog" title="SystemVerilog">SystemVerilog</a> (BSV)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Concurrent_Haskell" title="Concurrent Haskell">Concurrent Haskell</a>°</li>

<li><i><a href="Haskell_Platform" title="Haskell Platform">Haskell Platform</a></i>°</li>

<li><a href="Parsec_(parser)" title="Parsec (parser)">Parsec</a>°</li>

<li><a href="QuickCheck" title="QuickCheck">QuickCheck</a>°</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package managers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cabal_(software)" title="Cabal (software)">Cabal</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Stack_(Haskell)" title="Stack (Haskell)">Stack</a>°</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">Windowing systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fudgets" title="Fudgets">Fudgets</a></li>

<li><a href="WxHaskell" title="WxHaskell">wxHaskell</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Xmonad" title="Xmonad">xmonad</a>°</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web frameworks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Servant_(web_framework)" title="Servant (web framework)">Servant</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Yesod_(web_framework)" title="Yesod (web framework)">Yesod</a>°</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cardano_(blockchain_platform)" title="Cardano (blockchain platform)">Cardano</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Darcs" title="Darcs">Darcs</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Ganeti" title="Ganeti">Ganeti</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Git-annex" title="Git-annex">git-annex</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Haddock_(software)" title="Haddock (software)">Haddock</a>°</li>

<li><a href="HaXml" title="HaXml">HaXml</a>°</li>

<li><a href="Liquid_Haskell" title="Liquid Haskell">Liquid Haskell</a>°</li>

<li><a href="LOLITA" title="LOLITA">LOLITA</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandoc" title="Pandoc">Pandoc</a>°</li>

<li><i><a href="Paradox_(theorem_prover)" title="Paradox (theorem prover)">Paradox</a></i>°</li>

<li><a href="SQream_DB" title="SQream DB">SQream DB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Book</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Real_World_Haskell" title="Real World Haskell">Real World Haskell</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Eponym10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Eponym" title="Eponym">Eponym</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Haskell_Curry" title="Haskell Curry">Haskell Curry</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arvind_(computer_scientist)" title="Arvind (computer scientist)">Arvind</a></li>

<li><a href="Lennart_Augustsson" title="Lennart Augustsson">Lennart Augustsson</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_Bird_(computer_scientist)" title="Richard Bird (computer scientist)">Richard Bird</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeremy_Gibbons" title="Jeremy Gibbons">Jeremy Gibbons</a></li>

<li><a href="Andrew_D._Gordon" title="Andrew D. Gordon">Andrew D. Gordon</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Hudak" title="Paul Hudak">Paul Hudak</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Hughes_(computer_scientist)" title="John Hughes (computer scientist)">John Hughes</a></li>

<li><a href="John_Launchbury" title="John Launchbury">John Launchbury</a></li>

<li><a href="John_MacFarlane_(philosopher)" title="John MacFarlane (philosopher)">John MacFarlane</a></li>

<li><a href="Simon_Marlow" title="Simon Marlow">Simon Marlow</a></li>

<li><a href="Conor_McBride" title="Conor McBride">Conor McBride</a></li>

<li><a href="Erik_Meijer_(computer_scientist)" title="Erik Meijer (computer scientist)">Erik Meijer</a></li>

<li><a href="Simon_Peyton_Jones" title="Simon Peyton Jones">Simon Peyton Jones</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Roundy" title="David Roundy">David Roundy</a></li>

<li><a href="Audrey_Tang" title="Audrey Tang">Audrey Tang</a></li>

<li><a href="Simon_Thompson_(professor)" title="Simon Thompson (professor)">Simon Thompson</a></li>

<li><a href="Philip_Wadler" title="Philip Wadler">Philip Wadler</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> <b>= discontinued</b> • <b>° = <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></b><br><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Haskell" class="extiw external" title="wikibooks:Haskell">Book</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category:Family</b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category:Software</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Programming_languages625" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Programming_languages625" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_programming_languages" title="History of programming languages">History</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>

<ul><li><a href="Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li>

<li><a href="BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">classic</a></li>

<li><a href="COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a></li>

<li><a href="Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elixir_(programming_language)" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a></li>

<li><a href="Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li>

<li><a href="Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li>

<li><a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li>

<li><a href="Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li>

<li><a href="MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell</a></li>

<li><a href="Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li>

<li><a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b>Lists:</b> <a href="List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">Alphabetical</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_programming_languages_by_type" title="List of programming languages by type">Categorical</a></li>

<li><a href="Generational_list_of_programming_languages" title="Generational list of programming languages">Generational</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-English-based_programming_languages" title="Non-English-based programming languages">Non-English-based</a></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

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